Thank you for reading this. If you would like alerts about my future posts please enter your email address in the ‘Subscribe to Marketing Insights’ in the right-hand column.
Perhaps also connect with me on Twitter Linkedin Instagram Youtube or in our weekly chat in the SOSTAC® Plans Club in the Clubhouse App on Fridays at 1pm.
—
Many are still wondering how Donald Trump became president of the United States Of America, despite himself? Here’s an analysis, using SOSTAC® Planning Framework to explore some of Trump’s plan and to give some insights into his subsequent successful campaign. Comments are most welcome. Situation analysis (where are you now) , Objectives (where are you going?), Strategy (how do you get there?), Tactics (the details of strategy), Action (how do you ensure excellent execution) and Control (how do you know you are getting there – what will you measure?). I will use these to categorise various aspect of the Trump campaign but please remember this is just an outline not an in-dept detailed analysis.
Situation Analysis
Customer Analysis
Who – are Trump’s potential voters?
Trump focused on “left-behind” voters, specifically white working-class men (and women). He initially gambled on targeting one powerful voting bloc, (some pollsters thought this would alienate too many people) suggests Harvard’s professor Stephen Greyse (Fottrell 2016). Clinton’s target audience was far broader, reaching out to the middle-class and “left-out” voters and black and Latino ‘left-out’ voters (many of whom had not yet a slice of the American pie). A month before the elections Trump had 57k transactors (contributors) of whom 68% were male and 32% were female, compared to Clinton who had 914k transactors of whom 36% were male and 64% were female. Far more variables were eventually used to segment the market into dozens of target segments. In fact, a small English company who had also worked on the Brexit ‘Leave’ campaign for UKIP, worked for Trump and divided the US population into 32 personality types, and focused on just 17 states (see part 3).
Why – do Trump’s potential voters vote (what are their needs)?
Many people wanted change. Many others were frustrated and maybe even angry about their lives. Some have fears rather than hope. Is it possible that Trump’s upbeat’ #MakeAmericaGreatAgain or #MAGA hashtag played into the unconscious fears that if you don’t vote for Trump, America will get worse ie whatever is bad about America will become far worse? See the word-cloud graphics (in the final, ‘Control’ section) which demonstrates how Trump repeated these messages.
What the elite missed was the sources of the anger & resentment that has lead to the populist upheavals in the US & Britain & many other parts of the world (Harvard’s Professor Michael Sandel 2017).
Why were voters angry? What the elite missed was the sources of the anger & resentment that has lead to the populist upheavals in the US & Britain & many other parts of the world. (They) assumed it’s anger against immigration and trade and at the heart of that is jobs. But it’s also about even bigger things., about the loss of community, disempowerment, & social esteem (a sense that the work that ordinary people do is no longer honoured & recognised (& rewarded).’ Sandel 2017)
How – do Trump’s potential voters decide (how do they process information)?
Shorter attention spans. Research from Harvard revealed that attention spans for the first ever telivised political debate between JFK and Nixon back in 1960, was only 42 seconds (the maximum time to get a serious political message across). This fell to just 5 seconds in 2008 and even less since in 2012. There are many other variables involved here also, but, short attention spans is significant and perhaps gives a clue why Britain voted marginally for Brexit (short anti-EU messages had far more impact than long economic pro EU messages).
Voter Personality Analysis – Cambridge Analytica & Trump
UK Company Cambridge Analytica analysed facebook data of millions of adult Americans, so that they could categorise personality types and then subsequently send them tailored messages that reflect their specific needs. ‘The company’s former boss, Alexander Nix, claimed, before the election, to have predicted the Big 5 score (personality analysis) of every adult in America. On Facebook, hundreds of ads were posted everyday targeted at specific personality types tailored towards people’s innermost fears, needs and emotions.’ BBC News 2018
It used an algorithm that analyses what people like (and don’t like ) on facebook to predict your personality. With just 10 likes it can predict what kind of person your are, better than your colleagues can. With 300 likes analysed, it knows your personality more accurately than your spouse does.
For more frightening insights into how this analytic tools and subsequent tailor-made ads were targeted precisely to each personality type, see The Dark Arts Of Marketing – Breaking Down Society to Create a New Culture – Using Data & IRD when a Cambridge Analytica whistleblower reveals the dark marketing techniques that were employed.
Major Market Trend – A Gap In The Market
We live in a post truth-era. ‘Dishonesty in politics is nothing new; but the manner in which some politicians now lie, and the havoc they may wreak by doing so, are worrying’ says the Economist magazine (2016). The worrying phrase ‘post-truth’ was even named Word Of The Year by Oxford Dictionaries (Flood 2016). Defined by the dictionary as an adjective “relating to or denoting circumstances in which objective facts are less influential in shaping public opinion than appeals to emotion and personal belief”. The spike in usage, it said, is “in the context of the EU referendum in the United Kingdom and the presidential election in the United States”.
This is compounded by the moral vacuum which opens the gates for extremist politicians. Here is Harvard Professor Michael Sandel’s chilling observation: “… in the face of pluralism and for the sake of toleration … to insist on a non-judgemental, value-free politics .. that creates a moral vacuum , a void, that will invariably will be filled by narrow, intolerant moralisms.” Sandel (2017)
Competitor Analysis
During the Republican nomination race, Trump saw a right-wing gap and went for it. He also analysed the political establishment through the eyes of disenchanted voters. Trump became the Republican candidate for the presidential election. Next, he analysed his opposition, the Democrats’, Hilary Clinton. When he found a perceived weakness that resonated with his voters (see the Control section in part 2) he went for it. President Obama had unprecedented success in targeting, organizing and motivating voters, we imagine Trump’s team studied this blog post How Obama Became America’s First Black President to understand his competitor’s strategy and tactics.
Current Performance
With the election just a month away, donations raised by October 2016: Clinton had $298m from 914,000 transactors (donors) and Trump had just $50.1m from 57,000 donors (Cortana et al).
Opinion polls favoured Clinton.
Objectives
Originally to win the Republican Nomination and then, win the presidential election (after that we just don’t know).
Strategy
Old Strategy
Trump initially raised his own profile by making headline-grabbing statements, often by calling in to television shows, supplemented by a rally once or twice a week to provide the appearance of a traditional campaign (Bertoni 2016).
New Strategy
Trump’s crystal clear positioning as the ‘controversial (non-establishment) ordinary guy’ was supported by data driven highly targeted tailored messages on facebook & twitter to “left-behind” white working-class men (and women), combined with sentiment manipulation, machine learning, constant beta culture and, almost instant, reactions to audience mood swings
Trump’s son in law, Jared Kushner, took over the campaign, created this new strategy and, amongst other things, set up a secret data operation-like a Silicon Valley startup. ‘Kushner eventually tipped the states that swung the election. And he did so in a manner that will change the way future elections will be won and lost.’ (Bertoni 2016).
Positioning
Trump positioned himself as a non-establishment guy. An ‘outsider’ – a ‘non-political establishment guy’. He simultaneously positioned Clinton as an establishment person. An ‘insider’ (a politician linked to Obama’s policies) (Kanski 2016). Trump played the confrontational card which helped him to establish authenticity amongst frustrated voters. So he became a ‘controversial (non-establishment) ordinary guy’.
Meanwhile, Trump positioned Clinton as an untrustworthy ‘insider’ and threatened to take her to court after the election. Clinton’s authenticity was challenged by high-lighting the fact that ‘she seemed to say one thing in her speeches and another behind the scenes, illustrated in her emails leaked by Wikileaks and “basket of deplorables” comments (Kanski 2016). The CIA revelations days before the vote appeared to attack Clinton’s authenticity. Or was all this information fed by the Russians? There’s definitely a movie in this story.
‘controversial (non-establishment) ordinary guy’ v untrustworthy ‘insider’ establishment lady
Was it like this?
Apart from Clinton’s followers, one wonders whether the average American could relate to Clinton as easily as they could to Trump (or Obama in the previous two elections).
The ‘Ordinary (non-establishment) Guy’ Created Authenticity
While Trump followers believed Trump had authenticity as he, rightly or wrongly, ‘says it like it is’. The difference in authenticity, according to Kanski, was simply that ‘People can relate to bankruptcies, to locker room talk, to tough talk on terrorism, and that was the difference. Whilst Trump might be a billionaire, but he’s been bankrupt, uses locker-room talk i.e. his life experiences somehow seemed to resonate more with the average undecided voter.’
Targeting
Trump stayed focused on the “left-behind” voters, specifically white working-class men (and women). As mentioned earlier, this was deemed risky (targeting one powerful voting bloc). Clinton’s target audience, on the other hand, was far broader, reaching out to the middle-class and black and Latino ‘left-out’ voters (many of whom had not yet a slice of the American pie). Trump’s relentless use of data continually sharpened his targeting of those battleground states (the ‘swing states’, that over recent elections have gone both ways). They are the key to winning the election. In recent elections Florida and Ohio (3rd and 7th largest states, with 29 and 18 electoral votes respectively) have been swinging back and forth between the parties.
Data-driven Decision Making
Within three weeks, in a nondescript building outside San Antonio, Kushner had built what would become a 100-person data hub designed to make more informed decisions (which leveraged the magic marketing formula – see part 2) across a selection of decision points regarding:
- messages (topics of speeches)
- targeting
- travelling / rally locations
- fundraising
Kushner built a custom geo-location tool that plotted the location density of about 20 voter types over a live Google Maps interface
Trump combined his crystal clear ‘non-establishment’ positioning, data-driven targeting, with agile use of the Magic Marketing Formula to win. His subsequent tactics were driven by the over-riding strategy. Part 2 explores the second half of SOSTAC® – Tactics (including the Magic Marketing Formula), Action and Control.
—
See How Trump Won (part 2) – using The Magic Marketing Formula – a SOSTAC® Analysis and later – How Big data was used to win the election (part 3).
You might also enjoy:How Obama Became America’s First Black President
You might not enjoy, but perhaps need to see this video on behavioural analytics and precision targeting:
The Dark Arts Of Marketing – Breaking Down Society to Create a New Culture – Using Data & IRD
How SOSTAC® Works – a 4 minute video by PR Smith
The SOSTAC® Guide to your Perfect Digital Marketing Plan
For more on SOSTAC® Planning System and Certified SOSTAC® Planners see www.PRSmith.org/SOSTAC
Become a SOSTAC® Certified Planner visit www.SOSTAC.org
Sources:
Bertoni, S. (2016) How Jared Kushner Won Trump The White House , Forbes December 20
Economist (2016) The post-truth world: Yes, I’d lie to you, 10 Sep
Flood, A. (2016) ‘Post-truth’ named word of the year by Oxford Dictionaries, The Guardian, 15 Nov.
Kanski, A. (2016) Change and authenticity: The messages that won over American voters, PR Week 09 Nov.
Really great analysis of the critical success factors in the TRUMP campaign Paul, thank you! What relevance and what learnings are there for brands, for instance the likes of Nestle Pet Food in both their B2C and B2B digital marketing strategies (ie, end consumers, but also vets/breeders)?
Stick to the basics Stephen – use the magic marketing formula (see part 2 next week) and the usual – know your customer ie answer ‘who, why, how’ better than your customers can answer! Be very clear about your positioning and targeting (again part 2 touches upon some tools used to target and tailor messages). I’m particularly interested in the machine learning and how it was used to target more precisely – please do let me know if you come across any interesting insights.
Great insightful analysis. Lovely to see it all as a continuum. From what has been stated it seems the EXECUTION of the strategy (with laser targeting)was the key to Trump’s success (Kushner). I am witnessing more agencies and practices developing additional customised add-on tools ( in addition to existing software) to aid campaigns such as the geo -location tool built to maximise population density reach. Is this the future of marketing? One can argue it has already commenced. Prof.Sandel(Harvard), shed some light on how Trump won during this half hour discussion http://bit.ly/2jU1Gdm
Thanks Ze. Now your video from Professor Sandel is very powerful and insightful. I have included it in my ‘Why Trump Won – Part 2 post. Many thanks it was truly intriguing.
An excellent read! In this regard we could all learn something from Trump’s strategic team, some very clever moves made to win the race
Agree – we need to chew the cud and learn from Trump’s novice marketer, Jard Kushner, who learned very quickly the basics of today’s marketing: The Magic Marketing Formula (IRD) – well at least the IR bit! + Constant Beta + big data + fast-scaling & more… now whether they deliver what they promised is another thing. The voters trusted them sufficiently…..
We focus a lot on the surface impact of Trump, he’s such a ‘marmite’ kind of guy who has made his mark by being confrontational, ignorant and cartoon like. This has encouraged those who dislike him for these qualities (that generally are things most people would steer away from)to ignore the fact that, to many people, these unappealing characteristics are precisely what people like about Trump.
The mainstream failed to appreciate that behind this facade Trump is no fool. Your article beautifully dissects the success factors of his campaign. It helps answer the question “How the hell did that happen?” because on the surface Trump is an idiot, a liar, misogynistic, venal, volatile and thin skinned and entirely unelectable. Normally when a politician tells a lie (look at the problems Phillip Hammond is having with Self-employed Tax) they get into a lot of trouble and have to row back. Trump punts out lie after lie like a demented scrum half clearing his lines. Meanwhile his voting base who vote for him because ‘they’re sick of lying politicians’ love him even more. Go figure as they say in the states!
It is a conundrum, Chris, perhaps driven by perceptual bias/Selective perception – ‘we see what we want to see’. His audiences cherry pick the bits of Trumps rhetoric that they like. Even more frighteningly, Trump can go further and give completely different messages tailored and targeted at different target audiences and satisfy these mini segments of voters/followers.
An excellent read. In addition to what you mentioned Trump used a perfect combination of traditional and social media providing the correct content, to highly selected demographics at the right time. Apparently, he and his team understood and applied advanced data analytics that identifies influencers, trending topics and appropriate hashtags.
Moreover, he created simple trending stories relevant to everyday people and became a person next door that is friendly, approachable and does not mince his words. A different ‘brand image’ from a billionaire that seats on his laurels.
His next target is a second Presidential term, and from what I see online I am more than confident that he will make it again.
Yes Nicholas Trump was clever enough to appoint a smart guy (his son-in-law) to embrace & exploit big data, tailored messaging that caught the curve, the mood and the trend perfectly.
Thank u so much @PR_Smith for your valuable insight on SOSTAC, I think same is the case with Narendra Modi in 2014 general election ,he uses the digital platform to influence the youth market – everything was well planned and strategised? Looking forward for your workshop or seminar in India also.
Yes Gulshan Modi seemed to embrace digital marketing – I thought his avatar’s speeches (Virtual Reality) to large audiences all around India was very impressive.